Principles II 65/35 (Lessons 13-27)
AIA Courseware Topics
14 half-hour videos
Course Objectives
- Explain the rationale, form, and content of a comprehensive corporate income statement, including earnings per share.
- Explain the connection between market (effective) interest rates and stated interest rates and the impact of market interest rates on bond prices and borrowing costs.
Prepare and interpret a statement of cash flows (indirect method).
- Compare and contrast the purpose, scope, and nature of managerial and financial information.
- Identify and discuss the impact of contemporary management principles, such as total quality management and just-in-time inventory.
- Prepare a manufacturing statement and link it to the income statement and balance sheet of a manufacturer.
- Discuss the importance, challenges, and approaches to allocating overhead to products and services.
- Identify and apply relevant costs and revenues to a variety of short-term management decisions, including make-or-buy, accept a special order, keep or drop a product, et cetera.
Lesson Titles/Descriptions
- Partnership and Corporate Accounting - The nature and characteristics of partnership and corporate forms of ownership are investigated. Accounting for transactions directly affecting partner equity accounts is shown, as is the issuing of capital stock for corporations. Calculation of book value per share is demonstrated and discussed. (Review lesson from Principles I.)
- Corporate Reporting: Dividends, Income and Retained Earnings - The rationale and accounting for cash and stock dividends, and treasury stock are shown. The rationale, presentation and evaluation of a comprehensive corporate income statement are dealt with. The nature of retained earnings is reviewed. Earnings per share and related ratios are presented.
- Bonds and Long Term Notes Payable - The tradeoffs between debt and equity financing are examined. The basic nature of bonds and their various features are discussed. The recording and reporting of bonds, including those issued at a premium or discount, are covered. Investments in bonds is briefly reviewed. Installment notes payable is covered in this lesson.
- Investing Long Term in Other Corporations - The rationale for investing long term in the voting stock and debt of other corporations is discussed. Distinctions between levels of long term equity investments are introduced. Accounting for such long term investments at a variety of ownership levels up to and including consolidations is illustrated. Accounting for long term investments in debt is addressed as are issues related to foreign currency translation.
- The Statement of Cash Flows - The purpose and format of the statement of cash flows is discussed. A brief history of the development of the statement is presented. Preparing the statement using the indirect method is illustrated. Evaluating cash flow is shown.
- Analyzing Financial Statements - The rationale and limitations of analyzing financial statements are discussed. Vertical and horizontal analyses of financial statements are performed. Liquidity, Solvency, and Profitability ratios are calculated and interpreted.
- Introduction to Managerial Accounting Concepts and Principles - The purposes and characteristics of managerial accounting are introduced and compared to those of financial accounting. The role of management accountants is illustrated. An introduction to manufacturing accounting and reporting is presented. Classifying costs is discussed. Contemporary manufacturing management principles are previewed.
- Manufacturing and Job Order Cost Accounting - The characteristics and uses of manufacturing cost accounting systems are introduced. Connections between manufacturing activities and accounting for costs are established. A job cost accounting system is developed and applied in a manufacturing setting. Predetermined overhead rates are calculated and discussed.
- Manufacturing and Process Order Cost Accounting - Process and job order systems are compared. Related journal entries are illustrated. Equivalent units of production and their costs are calculated and tracked through to a departmental production report. The management uses of production and cost information are discussed.
- Cost Allocation and Performance Measures - Centralized vs. decentralized organizations are discussed. Single versus two-stage allocation of overhead is presented. A departmental income statement is illustrated. Controllable costs, responsibility accounting and departmental performance reports and measures are investigated.
- Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis - Cost behavior is discussed and applied to a number of situations including break-even analyses, the impact on net income of changes in cost structure, and the implications of cost structure on profit risk and volatility. The underlying assumptions and limitations of C-V-P are reviewed. C-V-P graphs are illustrated.
- Master Budgets and Profit Planning - The advantages and procedures of developing a master budget are examined in some detail. The technical and "human factor" challenges of budget preparation are discussed. Proforma financial statements are prepared.
- Flexible Budgets and Standard Costs - Fixed and flexible budgets are compared. The connections between flexible budgets and performance reports are established. The challenges, benefits, and limitations of standard costs are discussed. Variances for materials, labor and overhead are calculated and discussed. Standard cost journal entries are formatted.
- Capital Budgeting Decisions - The importance and risks of capital budgeting and investing in contemporary business environments is examined. A variety of analytical tools, including payback, net present value, and internal rate of return are presented and applied to capital budgeting proposals. The impact of taxes on investment decisions is treated briefly.
- Relevant Costs for Decision Making - The characteristics of information relevant to short term operating decisions are introduced. Analyses are made of a series of short term management decisions such as those to keep or drop a product, accept a special order, and optimize scarce resources. Ways of alleviating bottleneck constraints are discussed as are the challenges of making sound short term decisions in contemporary business environments.